A brief historical review is given on the development and milestones of the moss biomonitoring technique used to study atmospheric deposition of trace elements, nitrogen, organic persistent pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, dioxins, PFOS, etc.) and radionuclides of technogenic origin in Europe. The relevance of these studies to the UN Convention on long-range transboundary air pollution (LRTAP) is enlightened. Examples of the long-term activity of the UNECE International cooperative programme Vegetation established in 1987 are given to illustrate the tendencies in behavior on a large scale of such air pollutants as Pb, Cd, and other significant ones. In agreement with the long-term strategy of the LRTAP Convention to enhance participation and improve air quality in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia and South Eastern Europe, efforts to extend the moss survey for former republics of the USSR such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan were successfully undertaken. Around 15 teams are formed in Russia to cover with moss sampling Northern and Central Russia, Western Siberia, and Far East of Russia (Kamchatka and Sakhalin). JINR will continue support for the moss survey program in its member states: Bulgaria, Slovakia, Poland, Romania, Mongolia, Vietnam, as well as in non-member states: Albania, Croatia, Hungary, Thailand, South Korea, and China. Up-to-date 36 countries expressed their desire to participate in the coming moss survey. In spite of the growing interest in assessment of the deposition of persistent organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, dioxins, PFOS, etc.) using moss, only a limited number of the Western European countries intend to determine POPs. Radioecological laboratories in JINR (Dubna, Russia), Institute of Nuclear Physics (Alma Ata, Kazakhstan), University of Novi Sad (Serbia), Bratislava University (Slovakia) and Opole University (Poland) will be used to measure natural and man-made radionuclides (¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, etc.) under individual agreements with the interested countries. Some details are given on the newly established database for storage of information about the European and Asian moss survey, conducting and storing analytical results on heavy metals, nitrogen, persistent organic compounds and radionuclides based on moss analysis.